The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. Even the capital Vientiane feels like a relaxed riverfront town. "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. Laos will . In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. It was not until the arrival of the French in 1893 that the city was revived. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. [65] [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. 15. Population 6.7 million. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. Major religion Buddhism. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. The Lao Securities Exchange (LSX) began operations in 2011 with two stocks listed, both state-owned - the Banque Pour l'CommerceExterieur (BCEL), and the power generation arm of . The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. 4 min. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. Location: Champasak Province, Laos. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. It is bordered by Myanmar (used to be known in English as "Burma") and by China to the northwest, by Vietnam to the east, by Cambodia to the south and by . Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. Asia. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, is the antithesis of a bustling capital like London. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. [citation needed], Laos's emergence from international isolation has been marked through improved and expanded relations with other countries including Russia, China, Thailand, Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan and Switzerland. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. What Is the Capital of Laos? There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. 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