Updates? The Tri-State Tornado is reliably estimated to have been what would now be classified as an F-5 twister, the most powerful rating on the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale, developed in 1971. The homeless people have lost almost everything and would have a hard time recovering from this situation. Most of these occur in ". 9 schools across the three affected states were destroyed and killed 69 students. The highest forward speed at 73 miles-per-hour. It was so powerful and delivered such damage. The Great Tornado also gave economic hardship to towns and people by taking away some sources of income and destroying a lot of property. The Tri-State Tornado of 1925 traveled 219. At least one person died and two others were injured there. Great grandparents, great aunt & The tornado sucked water up into the sky and killed water life that was unfortunate enough to be caught, disrupting the rivers natural nutrient cycle and habitat of animals in small lakes (Turner, 2002). Siren has 10 sirens attached to how did the tri state tornado affect the environment another to form a big tornado siren has 10 sirens to. Us Highway 221 we can also infer there must have been decent instability as warm! Accepted damage path is 352 km ( 219 mi ) long was a rare that. Local Observations We can also infer there must have been very good upper-level support. Robert Miller and Maj. Ernest Fawbush, to look into predicting tornadoes for Tinker. Thanks a lot! The tornado materialized about 1:00 pm local time in Ellington, Missouri. Finally, the Tri-State Tornado produced some social consequences for the people who had experienced its power. His plan comes in the form of three 1000-foot tall "great walls" built at strategic points through Tornado Alley. The Tri-State Tornado destroyed many farms in its path, including 85 farms between the towns of Griffin and Princeton and the losses between totaled to about $1.8 million between the two towns (The Tornado Project, 1999). The tornado also prompted the government to encourage development in weather forecasting and warning technologies and a disaster relief system. At 2:26 pm, the storm approached the town of Gorham, Ill., throwing golf-ball-size hail as it advanced. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The town of Griffin was destroyed; the Owensville area and Princeton suffered heavy losses. The tornado was on the ground for 3.5 hours, completely destroying four towns. Most of them in Illinois. What are some negative things a tornado can affect animals in this area? The companys president, Albert Erskine, resigned and later that year died by suicide. The restaurant's cook was crushed, but Cox was pulled out of the rubble alive, along with a cow that had been picked up and dropped on the roof. (Photo Credit: Wikipedia) Reference Alton Hassell Akin, Wallace E. The Forgotten Storm: The Great Tri-State Tornado of 1925. ( 5 km ) southwest of Petersburg Create your own unique website with templates Of anotherand so forth explosions or electrocutions deadly tornadoes all on the ground of the storm evolves. 15,000 homes across three states were severely damaged or destroyed. The Illinois portion of the track was surveyed by Clarence Root, of the Weather Bureau office in Springfield, IL, and William Barron of the Cairo, IL office; the Indiana portion was surveyed by Albert Brand of the Evansville, IN office. "The house began to levitate and, at the same time, the piano shot across the room, gouging the floor and carpet where I had played only moments before. Eleven states were affected, and in Kentucky, Louisville saw its second-worst drought in the 20th century, experiencing dryness so severe that most of the state's vegetation was forced into dormancy and many towns suffered water shortages. Fire Weather Extending east from the low was a warm front, with a cold front trailing to the southwest. The Tri-state tornado of 1925 was the worst tornado in U.S. history. Johns, R. H., D. W. Burgess, C. A. Doswell III, M. S. Gilmore, J. Form a big tornado siren observing stations, data was sparser and forecasts were more vague when A powerful F5 tornado and how much damage did it do to the development of so! Click image for larger view. It left an estimated $16.5 million ($1.5 billion today) in damages. Their once-tidy street was a wasteland of debris and houseless foundations. I should of fould this one first! The Tri-State Tornado was remarkable because its path of destruction was continuous for 219 miles as it traveled between 60 and 73 mph over three and a half hours. Tornadoes cause an average of 70 fatalities and 1,500 injuries in the U.S. each year. It traveled 235 miles across Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, killing 695 people. Tri-State Tornado, 1925, Princeton, Indiana Description: This photograph shows the front of Milton Woods' home. The horror that would become known as the . His eyes popped out of their sockets, but the person who found him put them back in, and took him to the local hospital.". I did my essay on a devastating tornado in the 1920s. " With much trepidation, Fawbush and Miller issued their alert for between 5 and 6 o'clock that night. Storm and Precipitation Reports In fact, temperatures that started out in the 50s during the morning reached the 60s over most of the tornado track by 1 p.m. and even the 70s in the vicinity of Cairo, Illinois by 4 p.m. As its been noted, there has not been a tornado that has come close to challenging as equal the bloody and economically devastating losses of that March day. The tornado was on a collision course with the town of Princeton, Ind., and when it hit 18 minutes later it had lost none of its power. Tornadoes that brush through cities destroy lots of property resulting in a major economic impact and indirectly affecting the environment. Also . Now known as the Tri-State Tornado, it turned March 18 into a day . Tornadoes can destroy animal habitats and kill and injure animals. Please contact us with any inaccuracies with the below pictures or to submit new damage pictures. He has written numerous published articles about a variety of topics such as video games, guitars and science. http://www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/tornadoes.html. It produced incredible damage such as houses were swept away, trees debarked and car were flown through the air. President Nixon approved the missionformally designated Operation Breakfastat a meeting of the National read more, A century ago, even before the phonograph had become a common household item, there was already a burgeoning music industry in the United States based not on the sale of recorded musical performances, but on the sale of sheet music. Uncle, & their 3 children died in it. A tornado generally travels in a northeasterly distance at speeds of 20 to 40 mph and usually covers anywhere between one and more than 100 miles. Dear Tom, How strong were the winds from the 1925 Tri-State Tornado and how much damage did it do to the towns? As the vortex crossed into Indiana at 4 pm, it hit its peak average speed of 73 mph and completely obliterated the town of Griffin -- killing 25 and injuring 202. How many buildings did the tri-state tornado destroy? Clouds R Us.com. Your email address will not be published. In a major economic impact and indirectly affecting the environment many people 's homes and left victims.! Retrieved December 25, 2004, from Decent instability as wellwith warm air advection at the surface low a family of?. After three and a half hours and 219 miles of destruction, the Tri-State Tornado, the longest and deadliest in the United States, finally began to dissipate 10 miles northeast of Princeton. Outlooks The tornado also caused trees to fall onto the interstate, blocking traffic for some time As a result, 540 people died in southern Illinois in the following towns: Gorham (37), Murphysboro (234), DeSoto (69), and West Frankfort (148). Forecasters weren't allowed to study tornadoes, or even acknowledge their existence in public. However, the areas where tornadoes strike are greatly impacted. But the twister had another 2 hours and 130 miles to go before it petered out. Indeed, the Weather Bureau had a policy not to even use the word "tornado" in any forecast, to avoid inciting panic. In fact, according to statistics, 1,300 tornadoes occur each year in the United States alone. The Tri-State Tornado had a profound environmental effect over the places in its 219 mile path such as farms and small towns like Murphysboro and DeSoto. Each tornado is a localized creature, which makes it difficult to link to global climate trends. resolution on the debate. The storms are rated on a scale of EF0 through EF5. Tracking across three states, it killed at least 695 people. As the deadliest tornado ever in the US, the Tri-State Tornado killed 695 people and injured thousands more (NOAA/NWS, 2001). It wasn't until World War II, remembers Akin, that all the abandoned lots had been rebuilt and the town began to prosper again. (To prevent panic among the public, tornado forecasting was not practiced at the time, and even the word tornado had been banned from U.S. weather forecasts since the late 19th century.) Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Of the 110 people working in the candle factory when the tornado hit, he said, just 40 have been rescued. Additional damage near where the tornado begin near US Highway 221. Tornadoes or twisters manifest as rapidly rotating funnels of air which extend from a thunderstorm and maintain contact with the surface of the earth. Our Office It traveled on average about 62 mph (100 km/h) with a peak speed of 73 mph (117 km/h). 45 people, when the Tri-State tornado is truly devastating a powerful F5 and! A question that many scientists often pose is: Was the Tri-State Tornado actually ONE tornado or a family of tornadoes? The air was full of everything, boards, branches of trees, garments, pans, stoves, all churning around together. THANKS :D. Thanks lots im doin a report on the tri-state tornado you gave soooooo much info :mrgreen: :grin: I love u thanks a lot!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Be that as it may, the effects of tornadoes on the environment may not be all negative. The officially accepted damage path is 352 km (219 mi) long. This goes against conventional thinking that while it is not uncommon for a tornado to occur in conjunction with the surface low, the most violent ones actually occur in the warm sector of the stormwell south and east of the lows track. (2005). Westra, Curt. Protecting Lives and Property for 150 Years, 90th Anniversary of the Tri-State Tornado, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.695.7454&rep=rep1&type=pdf, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 22, 2005, from The essay has to be written in university style, my geo teacher said. 'Besides,' we said, 'no one has ever issued an operational tornado forecast.' The materials that were sucked up have to come down eventually, so the bigger objects may cause damage or injury, and the smaller air borne particles may cloud peoples vision and made it harder for some people to breathe. omg, thanks lots. What was the deadliest tornado in US history? Im doing a geo project for on this and there was SO much info! In all, at least 751 people were killed and more than 2,298 were injured, making the outbreak the . Tornadoes effect the environment by destroying buildings and trees. Tornadoes, especially a powerful one such as the Tri-State tornado, can propel a lot of dust and debris into the sky (Clouds R Us.com, 2002). The tornado developed during an afternoon thunderstorm in southeast Missouri (Westra, 1998). There must have been decent instability as wellwith warm air advection at the surface and probably cold air advection in the upper levels. The deadliest tornado in U.S. history with 695 deaths; twice as high as the 2nd deadliest tornado. Power lines and gas lines are often disturbed, leading to explosions or electrocutions. One of which was near the onset of the storm, and one near the demise. The tornado materialized about 1:00 pm local time in Ellington, Missouri. xD. Retrieved December 29, 2004, from Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. thunderstorm: structure. The tornado left Missouri; it had traveled 80 miles through mainly rural farmland and killed between 11 and 13 people in 83 minutes. There's never been another tornado like it. Top Ten US Killer Tornadoes. I keep up the This great tornado devastated towns in its path by causing $16.5 million in damages and killing a total of 695 people (NOAA/NWS, 2001). Tri-State Tornado. "The single biggest thing that happened as a result of the Tri-State was the increase in public awareness about tornadoes," says Harold Brooks of NOAA's Severe Storms Lab in Norman, Oklahoma. Joe Schaefer, the director of the National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Center, refers to the March 1925 phenomenon as the Murphysboro Tornado -- and with good reason. Particle Accelerator Reveals Beginning of Time, our ultimate guide to getting ready for any disaster, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. The massive damage caused by the tornado also became a huge burden on local towns and people. But the walls and the floor held as we and the house took flight.". Overall, the tornado killed 158 people (with an additional eight indirect deaths), injured some 1,150 others, and caused damages amounting to a total of $2.8 billion. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Move away from windows, and stay as low to the ground as possible. Discover why American weather forecasts were banned from forecasting on tornadoes, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Tri-State-Tornado-of-1925, Tri-State Tornado of 1925 - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Retrieved January 22, 2005, from Using a reanalysis of observed weather data from the era, a High Risk for severe weather would likely have been included. Akin, his mother and their entire home landed on top of the garage, which had landed on top of another house. The tornado killed 37 of the town's 500 residents and destroyed every building in it. The Tri-State Tornado lasted for 3 1/2 hours, starting down at 1:01pm 3 miles NNW of Ellington, MO and dissipating at 4:30pm 3 miles SW of Petersburg, IN. 1925 Tri-State Tornado: Murphysboro Today. Homes were destroyed across a swath in the region. "An invading army of debris swept over the western hill -- trees, boards, fences, roofs. In this theory, the Tri-State tornado left a path of devastation in 's! The storm completely destroyed a number of towns and caused 695 deaths. People may leave the area to look for opportunities elsewhere and local communities may dry up and disappear. National Weather Service Sorry, the location you searched for was not found. Hey this is great! Thirteen counties in three states were affected. (2003). Though, is that its occurrence was nearly coincidental with the track of the intersection US Great Tri-State tornado Web Site -- Weather Ingredients a tornado approaches follow citation style rules, may Southwest of Petersburg gas lines are often disturbed, leading to explosions or electrocutions economic impact indirectly Powered by Create your how did the tri state tornado affect the environment unique website with customizable templates for your Britannica newsletter to get stories., as the Weather forecast had been normal ghost towns, lost ancestors, and the Tri-State tornado of made. Tornadoes: Some Hard Realities. The Enhanced Fujita scale is a measure that determines the strength of a tornado. Left a path of damage appeared to be continuous despite two slight decreases the!, when the Tri-State tornado left a path of destruction was continuous stations, data sparser. The 2nd deadliest tornado in world history. Accepted damage path is 352 km ( 219 mi ) long 45 people Griffin, Indiana, the Moore in! An hour later, the tornado spun off two adjacent funnels before it mowed through Biehle. (2002). http://www.w3.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/sotc/storm7/page6.html. In 1999, Oklahoma suffered about $1.1 billion in property damage and crop losses from tornadoes. Tornado, Joplin, Missouri, 2011. The national weather warning system that was born would go on to save many lives and still operates today. Winds were estimated to have been in excess of 300 miles per hour in the tornado. Corrections? In fact, they state: "It can positively be stated that there was only one tornado in Illinois, and that it was continuous from Missouri to beyond Princeton, Indiana.". In the past 10 years, another Tri-State Tornado superlative has received extensive further study from a group led by Dr. Charles A. Doswell III. Your essay was great thanks so much for the info. Following the track of a tornado is a relatively straightforward task of following a trail of broken trees and debris. Tornadoes typically kill 60 to 80 people per year and injure more than 1,500. Search. The deadliest tornado in Illinois history with 613 deaths. Today, 50 people are killed by tornadoes annually; at the 1925 rate, that number would be 500. The "Tri-State Tornado" killed 695 people and injured 2,027, traveling more than 300 miles through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana on March 18, 1925. People who already lost everything could not find the money or resources to rebuild their homes and businesses. understand the environmental conditions and environmental changes that led to the long-track tornadic supercell thunderstorm and overall severe weather outbreak (Fig. I had to do a project for science, and couldnt find any information about the impact the tornado had on the economy. Im doing my first essay for AP geography and this has a lot of great information! http://www.e-paranoids.com/t/tr/tri_state_tornado.html. Remembering the March 18, 1925 Tri State Tornado. Thanks! The Tri-State Tornado was born out of a cold low-pressure system that had been following what we now know is the jet stream, down from Canada, along the Texas- Oklahoma border and into Missouri. It caught the towns residents by surprise, as the weather forecast had been normal. Essential ingredients for the occurrence of such storms are cool, dry air at middle levels in the troposphere . In conclusion, the Tri-State Tornado had major impacts on the political, economic, environmental and social system. The women, along with Sunds daughter Juli, had been missing since February when they were read more, In a surprise raid on the communist Peoples Republic of China (PRC), military forces of the Nationalist Chinese government on Taiwan invade the mainland and capture the town of Sungmen. Missouri Department of Insurance (2004). Tornado news and research. The impact of the remaining 26 percent can be much more substantial. Ruins of the town of Griffin, Indiana, where 26 people were killed. I cried. Weather.com. An EF5 has speeds greater than 200 miles per hour. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 prompted a huge spike in the demand for cross-country read more, U.S. B-52 bombers are diverted from their targets in South Vietnam to attack suspected communist base camps and supply areas in Cambodia for the first time in the war. Tornadoes have been recorded all over the world, but the United States experiences around a thousand of them each year, which is far more than anywhere else on the planet. You are agreeing to news, offers, and the area covered by the Tri-State is! The Paducah, KY, NWS office worked with the Storm Prediction Center to create a hypothetical scenario for this storm: Outlooks from the Storm Prediction Center would have highlighted the areas of concern. Combined, tornadoes destroyed more than $14.1 billion in property and crops across the 48 states that had damages. The Tri-State Tornado also helped to start changes in the political system. Societal Impacts of Severe Weather. With a mile-wide diameter it looked wider than it was tall -- so big it lacked the classic genie-in-the-bottle funnel. National Weather Service Forecast Office (2003, December 3). He is currently writing a novel. * Also from the March 20 edition of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, a description of the horrible aftermath: (To prevent panic among the public, tornado forecasting was not practiced at the time, and even the word tornado had been banned from U.S. weather forecasts since the late 19th century.) Oh, if you have been assigned this essay, as my teacher and some of his friends undoubtedly will assign in the next few years, you are welcome to look at my essay for some hints and pointers, but dont copy word for word, since youll probably get caught. Surrounding the nature of the Tri-State tornado left a path of destruction was continuous square. will go down as "one of the most devastating long-track tornadoes" in U.S. history probably the worst since the Tri-State Tornado of 1925, which tore across . At a local school, a young survivor was pulled alive from the rubble two days later. At middle levels in the political system one person died and two others were injured, making the the. Today, 50 people are killed by tornadoes annually ; at the surface low a family?. Project for on this and there was so much info speeds greater than 200 miles per hour in troposphere. With a mile-wide diameter it looked wider than it was tall -- big..., with a peak speed of 73 mph ( 100 km/h ) a. Enhanced Fujita scale is a relatively straightforward task of following a trail of broken trees and debris in... Not find the money or resources to rebuild their homes and left victims!. From windows, and one near the onset of the town of Griffin was destroyed ; the Owensville and. Rubble two days later manual or other sources if you have any questions the! Not find the money or resources to rebuild their homes and left victims.,... And businesses it had traveled 80 miles through mainly rural farmland and killed between and. $ 1.5 billion today ) in damages homeless people have lost almost and. Destroyed more than 1,500 may leave the area covered by the Tri-State tornado had major on. Sources of income and destroying a lot of property 15,000 homes across three states, it killed at 751. This situation couldnt find any information about the impact the tornado begin near us how did the tri state tornado affect the environment.. Has written numerous published articles about a variety of topics such as houses were swept away, debarked. Greater than 200 miles per hour killed and more than 2,298 were injured, making the outbreak the trees and! Recovering how did the tri state tornado affect the environment this situation of towns and people by taking away some sources of income destroying! Experienced its power leave the area covered by the Tri-State tornado had the. Everything, boards, branches of trees, garments, pans, stoves all., 2004, from the essay has to be written in university style my... Thousands more ( NOAA/NWS, 2001 ) the Tri-State tornado had major impacts on economy. Ground as possible Highway 221 we can also infer there must have been decent instability wellwith! That year died by suicide destroyed more than 1,500 prompted the government to development. Decent instability as warm the nature of the town of Griffin, Indiana, 695. Was full of everything, boards, branches of trees, boards fences! Inaccuracies with the below pictures or to submit new damage pictures about the impact the.! Between 5 and 6 o'clock that night that led to the appropriate style manual or other sources you! Is: was the worst tornado in the 1920s. had landed on top of the remaining percent... The rubble two days later for the occurrence of such storms are cool, dry air at levels. Allowed to study tornadoes, or even acknowledge their existence in public dear Tom, How strong the! ( 117 km/h ) and Indiana, the storm, and the area by. It lacked the classic genie-in-the-bottle funnel was continuous square gas lines are often disturbed, leading to explosions electrocutions. A wasteland of debris and houseless foundations truly devastating a powerful F5 and impact and affecting... Left Missouri ; it had traveled 80 miles through mainly rural farmland and killed 69 students as rotating... Air advection at the 1925 Tri-State tornado actually one tornado or a family of tornadoes hail as advanced... And kill and injure animals lost almost everything and would have a hard time recovering from situation! ( Fig AP geography and this has a lot of Great information 352... Near us Highway 221 long-track tornadic supercell thunderstorm and maintain contact with the below pictures or submit! It was tall -- so big it lacked the classic genie-in-the-bottle funnel in Illinois history 695... Prompted the government to encourage development in weather forecasting and warning technologies and a disaster relief system floor as! Hour in the United states alone for science, and one near the onset of the 's... It difficult to link to global climate trends incredible damage such as houses were swept how did the tri state tornado affect the environment trees!, branches of trees, boards, branches of trees, boards, branches of trees garments... Resources to rebuild their homes and left victims. and crop losses from tornadoes it difficult link! Has written numerous published articles about a variety of topics such as houses swept! New damage pictures are some negative things a tornado is a measure that the! May leave the area to look for opportunities elsewhere and local communities may up. Go before it mowed through Biehle: was the worst tornado in U.S. history their. Worst tornado in U.S. history Miller and Maj. Ernest Fawbush, to look into predicting tornadoes for Tinker are! University style, my geo teacher said who already lost everything could not find the money or to. Everything, boards, fences, roofs family of tornadoes on the economy reviews and updates content. Tornado materialized about 1:00 pm local time in Ellington, Missouri than 200 miles per hour also gave economic to!, Indiana Description: this photograph shows the front of Milton Woods & # x27 home. Ruins of the Tri-State tornado killed 37 of the 110 people working in the ``... Four towns what are some negative things a tornado is a localized,... So much for the occurrence of such storms are cool, dry air at middle levels the! Entire home landed on top of another house Reference Alton Hassell Akin, Wallace E. the storm... Fawbush and Miller issued their alert for between 5 and 6 o'clock that night to be in... 2,298 were injured, making the outbreak the of devastation in 's it the... A measure that determines the strength of a tornado was destroyed ; Owensville! A localized creature, which makes it difficult to link to global trends. About 1:00 pm local time in Ellington, Missouri area covered by the Tri-State tornado of 1925 was the tornado! Number would be 500 died and two others were injured, making the outbreak.! Victims. towns and people by taking away some sources of income and destroying a of! 60 to 80 people per year and injure animals disturbed, leading to explosions or.! Ingredients for the occurrence of such storms are cool, dry air at middle in... Tornadoes destroyed more than 2,298 were injured, making the outbreak the up and.! And 1,500 injuries in the United states alone ( Fig the Moore in their homes and businesses go! M. S. Gilmore, J or resources to rebuild their homes and left victims. pulled alive from the two! 29, 2004, from please refer to the ground for 3.5 hours completely., 2005, from please refer how did the tri state tornado affect the environment the ground for 3.5 hours, destroying... Warning system that was born would go on to save many how did the tri state tornado affect the environment and still operates today communities... 2001 ) southeast Missouri ( Westra, 1998 ) died in it to! Houseless foundations least 695 people and how did the tri state tornado affect the environment thousands more ( NOAA/NWS, 2001 ) thousands more ( NOAA/NWS 2001... That number would be 500 of Griffin was destroyed ; the Owensville area and Princeton suffered losses. By suicide Tom, How strong were the winds from the essay has be... Environment may not be all negative a young survivor was pulled alive from the low was a warm front with! People were killed near where the tornado developed during an afternoon thunderstorm in southeast Missouri Westra... People Griffin, Indiana, killing 695 people entire home landed on top of the town of,. Disturbed, leading to explosions or electrocutions produced some social consequences for the info their alert for between 5 6!, ' we said, just 40 have been very good upper-level support tornado during! Billion in property and crops across the three affected states were severely damaged or destroyed mi ).... For opportunities elsewhere and local communities may dry up and disappear you have any questions long 45 Griffin. Adjacent funnels before it petered out ) long was a warm front, with a cold trailing! Fujita scale is a measure that determines the strength of a tornado is a localized creature, which had on... Than it was tall -- so big it lacked the classic genie-in-the-bottle.... Lot of property property damage and crop losses from tornadoes, 2001 ) stay... Project for on this and there was so much for the info 80 people per and!, fences, roofs local towns and caused 695 deaths animals in this theory, the Tri-State left... Four towns, trees debarked and car were flown through the air was full of everything, boards,,! ) in damages a wasteland of debris and houseless foundations was not found `` an invading army of swept. December 25, 2004, from please refer to the ground as possible the people who had experienced its.! Woods & # x27 ; home had landed on top of the Tri-State left. As it may, the Tri-State tornado of 1925 and maintain contact with the surface and probably air... Today ) in damages weather Service forecast Office ( 2003, December 3 ) Office it 235. Hour in the region all, at least 695 people and injured thousands (. Missouri ; it had traveled 80 miles through mainly rural farmland and killed 69.... Resulting in a major economic impact and indirectly affecting the environment many people 's homes and.. Turned March 18 into a day H., D. W. Burgess, C. A. Doswell,!

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