It's like visiting the museum with a close friend who just happens to know all the best stories, secrets and gossip. While I dont have any cats my allergist says owning a cat for me is worse for my lungs than chain smoking Ive long revered cats. It was his distaste for cats that penned the Vox in Rama. Plague in Cats. For he had inherited the problem of heresies which were blossoming across thirteenth century Christian Europe and challenging the 'universal' church. With this thought in mind, I spent two years at CIA, where I was a supervisor in the Public Communications Branch at the Office of Public Affairs. 1999. In those days, papal inquisitors extracted confessions from prisoners that they worshiped the devil and his black cat by torturing them vigorously. When I was a kid, my mom thought that Id have my own talk show because I was always asking people lots of questions about themselves. We may still see the effects of the mass cat slaughter today: Its been suggested that the small black cat population in Europe today is a direct result of that breed being deemed particularly devil-like. Lets see if the math adds up. *Coupons: Check out our coupons for stores like Checks Unlimited and CheapOair! Pope Gregory IX was a pretty good pope by medieval standards. Ugolino assumes the mantle of the pope immediately in the papal election of 1227 after the death of Pope Honorius III (Conrad of Urach was chosen initially, but declined). Both rats and pigeons would make a great next plague material though, The bull does not, however, dictate that Catholics across Europe kill all cats to stop Satan Islam doesnt tell Muslims to kill pigs but they still chase and try to kill one by kicking and hitting if they see it on the street because they believe it is evil and forbidden. While in power, Pope Gregory IX declared that cats were to be associated with devil worship and had them exterminated. Vermin did a number on harvests, but cats were natures perfect solution: they literally cant eat anything that isnt meat, which means that they pose no risk to the crops. Its believed by some that the plague spread, at least in part,via rats. (Accessed June 1, 2018). Name is important in the papacy as it is seen as a signal of how their reign is envisioned. The Vox described the depraved rituals of the cult in detail, portraying the devil worshipped by the witches as a shadowy half cat and half man figure. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Im definitely tracking the cat worship concept. Many of these rodents had fleas that carried diseases including the Black Plague. Following years brought the great plaque of insects! So a thing about the inquisition was that they would torture people to get confessions and such because that's a good way to make people say what you want to hear. Between 1347 and 1352, some 100 million people died of the Plague, representing almost half of Europes population. BUT HUMANS , NOT SO. This dudes job was to rid Germany of heretics, so he had plenty of reason to stoke the Popes fears of heretical activity (gotta keep that job). However, history shows that the Black Death, which ravaged Europe in the mid 1300s, was actually caused by rats and the fleas on them. In my home, I use cat statuettes as bookends, and have various other representations of these felines throughout my home. Which means that killing off the rats main predators was probably not the best idea. Its long-term effect, however, was to reshape the view of the cat in European society in general, morphing it from a pagan sacred animal into an agent of hell. One can love animals, the Catechism says. When I graduated college,I began living my own dream as a reporter for a news media outlet. And the Black Death didnt just travel to Europeit did its thing in Egypt, too, where it may have done more damage than it did in England.7. Nevertheless, all those glimmering achievements fall short of his most famous rumor that he absolutely hates cats. Nazca, a culture that lived in what is now Peru, etched a 37-meter-long geoglyph of a cat in the coast plain some 2,000 years ago. That, or he was a true believer, or both. After food, clothing and medicine, the fourth item is cosmetics and the fifth is pets, he said, referring to a study on where most peoples income goes. OVERPOPULATION OF HUMANS IS THE RUINATION OF THE PLANET. Thou Shalt not suffer a Cat to Live: Why Pope Gregory IXs Vox in Rama Implicated Cats in Devil Worship. While there were no immediate effects of the unjust cathunt, Europe will be affected in the years to come, with the rise of the Bubonic Plague. If anything, the cathunt is Konrads interpretation of the papal bull. Public Domain. Interesting article. And whatever else fleas like to nosh on.8. By Gregorys decree, there was a target on the head of every black cat. The Black Death or Black Plague was the original zombie apocalypse. These were, however, local affairs and dont serve as proof of the kind of massive cat recall modern folks have inferred from Pope Gregory IXs bull. THE RELIGIOUS SECTOR ARE OUT OF THEIR MINDS W/ THEIR POOR REASONING OF ENCOURAGING BIG FAMILIES. HUMAN OVER-POPULATION ISNT PRETTY, IT IS THE CAUSE BEHIND CHRONIC WARS. This bull, the story goes, declared cats as the instruments of Satan, and set Medieval Europe on a great cat purge, with special attention paid to black cats, who were particularly Luciferian. April 1st was originally celebrated as the New Year day, until in 1582 Pope . In a papal bull of 1233 he denounced the black cat as diabolical. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, PetMD. Learn how cats first spread around the world. Cats breed quickly, know how to survive on their own, and are hard to catch. With Halloween is around the corner, Chairman Meow is reminded of a time hundreds of years ago when similar institutional dogma helped fuel the outbreak of The Black Plague across Europe, leading to the (ignorant) mass killing of cats in the 14th century. While there is no evidence that cats in medieval England were persecuted, their mousing skills were likened to the devils ability to catch souls, with the fifteenth-century merchant William Caxton remarking how the devil playeth ofte with the synnar, lyke as the catte doth with the mous. Some historians believe that the persecutions across Europe so depleted cat numbers that mouse- and rat-catching by cats diminished- one of the reasons why the Bubonic Plague took such a deadly hold in Europe during the fourteenth century. why did pope gregory think that cats were evil? In 2019, Profs and Pints, an organization that was founded to democratize higher learning, hosted an event that was designed to demystify the magical, spiritual and even sexualdepictions of catsin media and society. (2017, February 6). In the fourth century, a Christian monk named Evagrius Ponticus wrote down what's known as the "eight evil thoughts": gluttony, lust, avarice, anger, sloth, sadness . Elsewhere in Europe, the legacy of cat killings passed into folk practices. By removing many cats from the food chain, the population of rodents began to rise across Europe, as Asian and other foreign ships carrying rats brought them to European harbors. Now this seems like a story of immense fiction but as it happened so recently in this modern time we have documented proof this is true so why is it so hard to believe the Pope and cat story? Even in Egypt, where they still view cats as sacred animals, plague hits. Costs of living dropped. Pope Benedict died Dec. 31, 2022, at the age of 95 in his residence at the . These inferences have led to a story that appears to lack evidence. A pandemic so severe that it kills more than 50 million people in Europe in a couple of years, and killed more than 200 million people worldwide. Which brings us back to Pope Innocent VIIIs 1484 declaration that the cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches., The cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches. Pope Innocent VIII. It was Gregorys past as an astute lawyer that connected him to his acts of justice within the church. This isa cautionary tale to all you cat haters out there. Gregory IX. Encyclopedia of World Biography, Encyclopedia.com. What effects did it have? Indeed, there is evidence of animals dying from the Plague. Either way, his account cant be true. Finally, even if cat numbers were vastly reduced, they were not wiped out. Here are our sources? February 8, 2013. Lastly, a bit of science about the plague: the disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is initially transmitted by fleas, which pass it to their hosts. In 1233, Pope Gregory IX's "Vox in Rama," a warning against the perils of witchcraft, accused its targets of canoodling with a black cat that was actually Lucifer in disguise. Once the lights came back on, from a dark corner, the figure of a man emerges. This man was Lucifer, who the whole company firmly believed to have been wronged by God. But still, cultural images of cats being a marker of femininity didnt sprout fromVogue,any more than the idea that cats are plain evil stem fromSports Illustrated. In other words, the Europeans were murdering their best ally in the war against the pandemic. You cant even accept that cats may have offered some protection from the plague. There is little real evidence for this. The Black Plague did happen. Pope Gregory IX (1147-1241). Its disgusting the way people treat and exploit these great animals. They not only killed rodents, hence less infected animals but they themselves are more likely to get bit for you, with their sweet tasting blood. Konrad has evidence of people worshipping Lucifer and black cats, he also seems to possess some sort of confession. Welcome to BELIEVE.art, home of Revolutionary Artist & Warrior-Poet, Chairman Meow. The fleas will jump on to the cat and then you can dose the cat to kill them. For he had inherited the problem of heresies which were blossoming across thirteenth century Christian Europe and challenging the universal church. Not only were they a source of companionship they were also a status symbol and source of worship., Egyptians have had a long love affair with cats. Interesly, June 7, 2016, The spooky history of how cats bewitched us, Abigail Tucker, The Washington Post, October 31, 2016, The History of the cat in the Middle Ages (Part 2): The Black cat as the devil in Christian sects, L A Vocelle, The Great Cat: The Cat in History, Art, and Literature. It is also doubtful that one papal bull sent to Mainz can influence the whole European stage. I live in a city, so I have plenty of experience with both cats and mice. . In the decree, he declared that Satan is half cat and claimed that there were . But in the final analysis cats just arent dogs. The Vox in Rama encouraged Conrad of Marburg to overreach himself and that same year he accused Henry II, Count of Sayn of taking part in satanic orgies. The papal inquisition rained down justice on heretics, the people who spoke out against church canon. Some believed that the disappearance of those cats helped rats spread the bubonic plague aka the Black Death that killed millions of people in the 1300s. This bull, the story goes, declared cats as the instruments of Satan, and set Medieval Europe on a great cat purge, with special attention paid to black cats, who were particularly Luciferian. I laughed to I almost passed out One thing though some of the Pussy Persecution may have derived from the Witch connection. cats were only interested in our rat infested granaries. There are many variables to navigate to make this assertion, but it doesnt look good for Gregory. Homeless Cats Recruited to Fight Rising Tide of Rats, Erika Engelhaupt National Geographical, September 29, 2017. They fly in the face of the Christian idea of God putting the natural world and its creatures here for humanitys benefit. He therefore gave his official blessing to the widespread persecution of cats across Europe. While there is no evidence that cats in medieval England were persecuted, their mousing skills were likened to the devils ability to catch souls, with the fifteenth-century merchant William Caxton remarking how the devil playeth ofte with the synnar, lyke as the catte doth with the mous. Some historians believe that the persecutions across Europe so depleted cat numbers that mouse- and rat-catching by cats diminished- one of the reasons why the Bubonic Plague took such a deadly hold in Europe during the fourteenth century. And though its unlikely that historys most pro-natural environment pope will encourage cat bonfires, he does suggest we take a step away from the dog ice cream and cat outfits in the pet aisle. Some kiss this creature on the hind quarters and some on the mouth, they receive the tongue and saliva of the beast inside their mouths. Sometimes it appears unduly large, and sometimes equivalent to a goose or a duck, and sometimes it even assumes the size of an oven. Summary. Pope Gregory IX How did this come about? So Gregory began to formalize and promote practices that formed the basis of the later medieval inquisition. Not sure I am convinced either way, but people (especially those who prefer dogs) do like to hate on cats, so it is not a stretch to believe that they have been killed en masse in any era. So, rather than being a document banning cats from Europe, it was a letter sent to a city warning them about a cult. I do support single mothers though, especially those willing to give me 2 for 1 lapdance specials, but I digress. Gregory believed him. Also, the Plague was not carried by rats, but fleas, which can latch onto any animal. On June 13, 1233, he issued a papal decree, Vox in Rama, based on bogus evidence provided by a Spanish Inquisitor. The novice then feasted with the rest of the congregation, after which they assembled to pay homage to a black cat which emerged from a kind of statue which normally stands in the place where these meetings are held., The whole coven was required to kiss the cats behind, and once they had done this, a wild sexual orgy occurred. That was the first church document condemning black cats as instruments of satan. While there appears to be no evidence that Pope Gregory IX ever told people to kill cats, there have been smaller historical examples of Medieval folks killing cats for weird reasons. Pope Benedict XVI acknowledges pilgrims during his general audience in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican Nov. 4, 2009. Both, however, rendered the Catholic Church redundant. The PBS documentary pointed out that cats dont have the musculature in their faces to reproduce human-like facial expressions the way dogs do, which is probably the main reason people think they are aloof and why they think dogs are so much more companionable (cause we love things that are more like us). no; mice? as a dvm (research quickly with phd, now DO, but still love animals) I agree about cat fanatics but this loser has all wrong about the need for cats to kill the Y Pestis flea vector rats; also, that species of flea does not infest on cats or dogs- their anticoagulant is perfect match for RATTUS NORweigica, and humans; not even mice suit them; his map of plague is laughingly inaccurate. The story youre most likely to find in popular history articles goes something like this: Cats were brought to Europe from Egypt by the Romans and enjoyed a decent reputation for a long timeprobably because they were such a boon to agricultural societies. Buy Long Live the Kitty! In an era when unknown phenomena seemed like they could only be explained by powerful deities, it seemed only natural to the Egyptians to worship kitty cats. And thats the official take on Halloween from theVatican News. no- blood dives; you are 100% wrong, irrational clearly an agnostic who mocks then defends his false god, the pope- also, review another diatribe from papal high tower urging cats killed-clearly minions of satan, word cat not in catholic bible problem is, what did david kill as shepherd attacking his sheep? if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyofyesterday_com-box-3','ezslot_6',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyofyesterday_com-box-3-0');uper-spies James Bond and Austin Powers dont have cats. The Vox in Rama encouraged Conrad of Marburg to overreach himself and that same year he accused Henry II, Count of Sayn of taking part in satanic orgies. He was born Ugolino di Conti but took the name Gregory when he becamethe pope. Elsewhere in Europe, the legacy of cat killings passed into folk practices. Not only were they a source of companionship they were also a status symbol and source of worship. Purina. It wasn't until Pope Gregory IX came to power in the 1200s that black cats became a symbol of bad luck. But the cars we have for pets are not naturally in the wild for thousands of years. So why not witches? For the worship of the cat had its basis in the pagan past. You can say that Im addicted to it. Home; About; Contacts; Location; FAQ Wikimedia Commons. CATS ARE BETTER THAN PEOPLE. Your email address will not be published. His condemnation of cats may not be responsible for the spread of black death, but it's definitely connected to the decline in cat populations at the time, and the proliferation of rat populations. In the Middle Ages, devil-fearing Christians killed cats, which carried the unintended consequence of increasing the rat population and the spread of the Black Death. Check out France, rats on the street, brave-pigeons without flight reflex, but no cats. Then, there is the fact that cats just arent good ratters-, which is why dogs; especially terriers are employed to catch rodents. Plague. Like a lot of other myths about history from the Middle Ages, the idea that Europeans wiped out cats and then paid for it with the Black Death makes more sense the less you think about it. We have detected that you are using extensions to block ads. On June 13, 1233, Gregory issued the Vox in Rama, an official papal decree declaring that Satan was half-cat and sometimes took the form of a cat during Satanic masses. According toSmithsonian Magazine, the Nazca geoglyphs may have been used for astrological, calendrical purposes as well as religious rituals to encourage rainfall and fertility. However, it was also a piece of papal legislation that was notable in another way, for the Vox was the first papal bull to associate the cat with witchcraft. People in medieval Ypres, Belgium, had a festival called Kattenstoet where theyd throw cats from the belfry tower to symbolize the killing of evil spirits. But this means that a papal bull that didnt tell people to wipe out cats and was only sent to Mainz somehow influenced the majority of people throughout Europe to kill off all their cats, and to stick to it over the course of the next 115 years. some particularly superstitious believers seized on the idea that the black cats were servants of Satan. I thank you for your service to this great multiverse. But feline-human relations deteriorated sometime in the early 1230s (CE) when Pope Gregory IX issued a papal bull called Vox in Rama. Then, when the rats came bearing the Plague, there were no mousers left to keep the disease in check.3. The cat thing is a footnote in his story. The Bubonic plague was carried not by rats themselves but their fleas; fleas which could just as easily transfer to dogs- and cats. Where do we get our stuff? Pope Gregory IV (Latin: Gregorius IV; died 25 January 844) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 827 to his death. If they were dumb, then that means were comparatively smart. On June 13, 1233, Pope Gregory IX instigated the first bull of his papacy: the Vox in Rama. On October 11, 1231, he appointed Conrad as the first grand inquisitor of Germany. No one can say for sure how many cats were killed because of the association made between them and witchcraft by the Vox in Rama. For example, 79 medieval cats were mysteriously slain in Cambridge, England, by the townsfolk in the 13th century. Public Domain. They spread via trade boats. After years of consultation and research, Pope Gregory XIII signed a papal bull in February 1582 promulgating the reformed calendar that came to be known as the Gregorian calendar. Gregory based his theory on evidence from Conrad of Marburg, a papal inquisitor. While rat-kind cant directly carry the disease, they carry the fleas that contain the bacteria Y. Pestis. Fewer cats, more rats, more fleas, and more plague. Those arrested by Conrad, therefore, had only two options: admit to heresy and spend the rest of their lives as a known former heretic or burn. The Churchs feline foibles didnt stop with Gregory, however. I am in France since 3 years and I would see the amount of cats I saw here during that time, maybe in a day or two in Turkey. And neither of these areas were parts of the Holy Roman Empire and thus subject to anything Pope Gregory IX might have said (but didnt) about a no-cats policy. If these furry creatures association with fictitious international criminals isnt enough, cats also have been linked to witchcraft: In the Middle Ages, women who owned black cats came under suspicion as did the cats, who were assumed to bewitches in disguise and were burned at the stake. The cats play into the picture as they would have normally been instrumental in cutting down the rat populations. We know there was a massive reduction in cat populations at the time because of this, so its plausible to make the connection. That evil came to be neatly personified in the form of black cats that were beaten to death to purge the new season of evil spirits. Your writing is comical! Once the initial hysteria died down, cats, like the would-be witches were left alone for a time, giving them time to repopulate- and remained prolific enough to continue to be culled. For example, 79 medieval cats were mysteriously slain in Cambridge, England, by the townsfolk in the 13th century. On March 19, 1227, 80-year-old cardinal Ugolino di Segni became Pope Gregory IX. Cats are natural hunters. People living during this time lived in constant fear of death. There is little real evidence for this. Yes I agree with you on this as we can never judge history in modern times I SAY GOOD FOR ALL THOSE SENSELESS HUMANOIDS. Henry was acquitted when he appealed to the bishop of Mainz and later that year Marburg himself was mysteriously murdered- probably at Henrys behest. No cats appear the police cruisers, but I can almost imagine a cat sitting alongside the witches on their broomsticks. Pope Gregory IX became pope of the Catholic Church in 1227 and he wanted to kill cats. These new, heretical beliefs varied. The only problem is that this story probably isnt true. We know they had terrier like dogs in Medieval Europe and that they were used as ratters. There are holes in your arguments as well. I have no idea where you get the idea that cats place is in the wild. So theres a lot of weak info out there about the backwards things that Medieval people were wont to do. Where once these creatures had been common household animals, they were now regarded as dangerous, unpredictable and demonic. Queen Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with the burning of a cat-stuffed effigy. Good for all those glimmering achievements fall short of his papacy: the Vox in Rama from. Bull sent to Mainz can influence the whole company firmly believed to have been wronged by.. The Churchs feline foibles didnt stop with Gregory, however Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with burning. Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with why did pope gregory think that cats were evil? burning of a cat-stuffed effigy those HUMANOIDS! He denounced the black Death or black Plague was not carried by rats more... Have derived from the Witch connection single mothers though, especially those willing to me! 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