Her full name was Cleopatra VII, which means that she was the seventh woman with this name in the family of Egyptian pharaohs. Cleopatra is often portrayed as a femme fatale due to her romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. At the time, Caesar was 52 years old, and Cleopatra was 21. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 1963-2023 NYREV, Inc. All rights reserved. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. With this, Cleopatra knew what she had to do, and began to form her devious plan. I should prefer to praise you, he insisted, as being self-restrained enough to keep silentthe highest praise you can accord a mass meeting is to say that it listens well. By all accounts, this did not make much impact on the Alexandrians whose riots and unruliness were notorious well into the Christian period (and provide the backdrop to the Spanish director Alejandro Amenbars recent movie Agora, which is set in fourth-century-AD Roman Egypt). More than a dozen of Cleopatras ancestors tied the knot with cousins or siblings, and its likely that her own parents were brother and sister. While Antony is said to have fatally stabbed himself in the stomach, Cleopatras method of suicide is less certain. When Cleopatra was 14, tragedy struck. Plutarch explains that a young medical student, Philotas, was there and witnessed life below stairs. However, she wasnt just a seductress. Roman propaganda painted Cleopatra as a debauched temptress who used her sex appeal as a political weapon, but she may have been more renowned for her intellect than her appearance. After an unremarkable first course, Antony mocked her attempt. Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and its annexation by Rome in 30 bce. While Cleopatra was born in Egypt, she traced her family origins to Macedonian Greece and Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Greats generals. The epithet (Chrysostomos, anglicized as Chrysostom) means golden-mouthed in Greek and denotes his celebrated eloquence.John Chrysostom. One particularly puzzling case is a famous procession in honor of the god Dionysus, sponsored in the early third century BC by one of Cleopatras predecessors on the throne, Ptolemy II Philadelphus (sister-lover). This means that Cleopatra actually lived closer to the time of the Space Race than she did to the construction of the pyramids. The intellectual achievements of Ptolemaic Alexandria are well known to us, and indeed a good deal of its literature and scientific writing still survivesrather more, in fact, than has come down from the glory days of fifth-century classical Athens, and much more varied in character. News about upcoming issues, contributors, special events, online features, and more. Why was Cleopatra considered to be a god? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. a disturbing custom that Cleopatra herself would become subject to, but as always, she had an ace up her sleeve. Like many royal houses, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty often married within the family to preserve the purity of their bloodline. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Cleopatra nicknames: Cleopatra, , Cleoara, o, Cleo, Cleopatra nicknames and names Nicknames, cool fonts, symbols and stylish names for Cleopatra - Cleopatra, , Cleoara, o, Cleo, . cleopatra nickname golden mouth; nickname for cleora; nickname for cleotilde; nickname for colette; samp cleo nickname; nicholas cleobury; . They were inseparablethey hunted together, drank together, played dice together, and she watched while he performed military exercises. What's certainly true is that Cleopatra was purposely portrayed as a cold-blooded seductress, who was using her sexual wiles to make Antony forget his duty to Rome. Even today, over 2,000 years after her death, Cleopatra remains one of historys most intriguing and memorable women. In the reign of Cleopatra (5130 BC), before the large-scale investment in building, art, and culture in Rome itself at the end of the first century BC, Alexandria was the jewel of the Mediterranean. Cleopatra plucked a priceless pearl from her earrings and dropped it into the vinegar. Cleopatra and Antony died at their own hand in 30 BC, after being cornered by Octavians forces in Alexandria. It is a useful assemblage of references to womens medicine in antiquity, but has nothing at all to do with Cleopatra. Who controlled the House of Representatives in 1982? In 48 BC, the resourceful Cleopatra, forbidden by her brother Ptolemy XIII to meet with the Roman general, had herself wrapped in a carpet (or, according to some historians, a linen sack) and smuggled into Caesars quarters. Nickname GOLDEN has average 13 hints, already more 113 views. The Truth Always Comes Out: Dark Family Secrets Exposed, Entrancing Facts About Madame de Pompadour, France's Most Powerful Mistress, Tragic Facts About Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIIIs First Wife, Straight Up Facts About Paula Abdul, The Queen Of Reality TV, Daring Facts About Gina Lollobrigida, Golden Hollywoods Last Survivor, Licentious Facts About Marie-Louise OMurphy, King Louis XVs Little Mistress, Tragic Facts About Babe Paley, The Queen Of New York. Anyone sailing from Alexandria to Rome in 46 BC (when Cleopatra herself made that journey to visit Julius Caesar) would have felt, to use Schiffs apt comparison, rather as if they were going from eighteenth-century Versailles to eighteenth- century Philadelphia. Ptolemy I Soter began ruling Egypt after Alexanders death in 323 BCE., launching a powerful dynasty of Greek-speaking rulers that lasted for nearly three centuries. They were reputed to be not just rowdy and sometimes violent, but at the same time rich, cultured, fast-living, spectacular showmen, intellectual, cosmopolitan, and avant-garde (although, in a contrasting image, their local government became a byword for bureaucracyPtolemaic office practices being entangled in red tape). but not to Cleopatra. The pair battled it out during a civil war, but Cleopatra regained the upper hand by partnering with Julius Caesar. Receiving the false news that Cleopatra had died, Antony fell on his sword. Cleopatra was one of the most successful and powerful queens in history. 14 September 407 (aged c. 58) Comana in Pontus. Following the war, Cleopatra remarried her other younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. Her full name is Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (meaning the father-loving goddess in Greek). A) A meeting of common interest in Egypt. Cleopatra was of Macedonian descent and had little, if any, Egyptian blood, although the Classical author Plutarch wrote that she alone of her house took the trouble to learn Egyptian and, for political reasons, styled herself as the new Isis, a title that distinguished her from the earlier Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra III, who had also claimed to be the living embodiment of the goddess Isis. Native Tongue Cleopatra was the first Ptolemaic ruler who learned to speak and write in Egyptian. Cleopatra: A Life by Stacy Schiff Little, Brown, 368 pp., $29.99 Mary Beard Mary Beard is Professor of Classics at the University of Cambridge. For 300 years, her family spoke only Greek, so court documents, including the Rosetta stone, were bilingualwritten in both in Greek and Egyptian. Caesar was enchanted by the sight of the young queen, and the two soon became political allies and lovers. Additionally, historian Plutarch wrote that her looks were not altogether incomparable. However, he did say that her intellect, wit, charm, and sweetness in the tones of her voice made her irresistible to everyone. The other earring was cut in two, and each half was used to adorn the sculpture of Venus in the Pantheon. . Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. An impressive move, and one that endeared herself to Mark Antony, who fancied himself to be an embodiment of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry. Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Octavian all spent nearly a year negotiating a plan amenable to all three, but Octavian grew frustrated by it allafter all, Cleopatra and Mark Antony had lost at the Battle of Actium. In addition to being the first ruler to speak the language of the Egyptians, Cleopatra was also the first in 300 years to embrace Egyptian culture and customs. Cleopatra and Antony famously took their own lives in 30 BCE after they lost the famous naval battle at Actium to Octavians forces. T he love affair of Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt (69-30 BC), and Marcus Antonius, Roman triumvir (83-30 BC) is legendary. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Press J to jump to the feed. My mom never told me how her best friend died. 4 Why was Cleopatra considered to be a god? Ancient writer Plutarch claimed that while Cleopatras beauty was not altogether incomparable, it was her charisma (or, as he put it, irresistible charm) that made her desirable. While Roman historian Dio Cassius described Cleopatra as a woman of surpassing beauty, a number of modern historians have characterized her as less than exceptionally attractive. After the death of Ptolemy XIII, there was just one heir eligible for the Egyptian throne leftanother younger brother, this one named Ptolemy XIV. Want to tell us to write facts on a topic? Additional comment actions. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Coins with her portrait show her with manly features and a large, hooked nose, though some historians contend that she intentionally portrayed herself as masculine as a display of strength. With Caesar at her side, Cleopatra set her plan in motion to reinstall herself as the ruler of Egypt. This caused a massive scandal, not only because of its heinous nature, but also because it was a gross violation of temple rules. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Antony needed Cleopatras financial support for his postponed Parthian campaign; in return, Cleopatra requested the return of much of Egypts eastern empire, including large portions of Syria and Lebanon and even the rich balsam groves of Jericho. Caesar sought money for repayment of the debts incurred by Cleopatras father, Auletes, as he struggled to retain his throne. ), Read another story from us:The Forgotten Son of Caesar and Cleopatra. Did Caesar really give Cleopatra the nickname "golden mouth" for her oral sex skills? This is, in part, thanks to the inventive traditions of modern drama, from William Shakespeare to Elizabeth Taylor, which have indelibly fixed a languorous and decadent queen bathing in asss milk in the popular imagination. They spent the winter of 41-40 BCE living a life of leisure in Egypt, where they founded their own drinking society known as the Inimitable Livers. The members engaged in nightly feasts and boozy binges, as well as elaborate games and contests. There and witnessed life below stairs Philotas, was there and witnessed life below stairs cookies... Ace up her sleeve fatale due to her romantic relationships with Julius Caesar Race she. 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